Shame: Children whose caregivers discourage them may develop feelings of shame.When caregivers encourage independence, children will feel secure enough to take risks. Autonomy: In this stage, caregivers often serve as a safe base from which to explore the world.They also develop basic skills such as toilet training. They learn more about their environment and their place within it. Shame and Self-Doubtĭuring this phase, young childrenbegin exploring the world around them. They may learn they cannot rely on others and thus feel unsafe. Mistrust: If caregivers neglect an infants’ needs, or if care is sporadic, an infant may grow insecure.As caregivers fill an infant’s needs, the baby can develop a sense of trust and security. Trust: When caregivers respond promptly to an infant’s cries, the baby can learn to rely on others.Infants learn to trust others based upon how well caregivers meet their needs. Infants depend on caregivers, usually parents, for basic needs such as food.
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